Abstract This study presents the preparation of cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion, aiming to improve the physicochemical properties, water sol ubility, and emulsion stability of cinnamon essential oil. The oil-in-water Pickering emulsion was prepared by ultrasonic emulsification, in which SPICS (soybean protein isolate (SPI)-chitosan (CS) composite granule) was used as the wall material and cinnamon essential oil was used as the core material. The emulsification performance of SPICS was evaluated, and the stability of Pickering emulsion was tested. The results showed that there was hydrogen bonding between SPI and CS, and the tertiary structure of SPI was change, which enhances the hydrophobicity of SPICS surface. When the mass ratio of SPI to CS was 14:1, the emulsification activity of SPICS was 71.92 m2g-1 and its emulsion stability was 106.29%; it also had good dispersibility in water. When the volume of the oil phase was 60%, the encapsulation rate of cinnamon essential oil was 65.23%, the Pickering emulsion did not show obvious delamination for one month; and rheological tests showed the presence of shear thinning, which was judged to be a pseudoplastic fluid. Therefore, SPICS can be used as a wall material to prepare Pickering emulsion of cinnamon essential oil with good stability.

SUMMARY: Skeletal muscle injury is an acute inflammatory condition caused by an inflammatory response. To reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and relieve skeletal muscle injury, efficient treatment is urgently needed. Nitric oxide is a free radical molecule reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we showed that NO could inhibit the inflammatory response of C2C12 cells in vitro and protect rat skeletal muscle injury from notexin in vivo. NO synthase inhibitor (L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Este?L-NAME) and NO donor (sodium nitroprusside dehydrate ?SNP) were used to explore the vital role of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in LPS-stimulated C2C12 myoblasts.The expression of IL-18 and IL-1b was upregulated by L-NAME and downregulated by SNP, as indicated by the ELISA results. NO can reduce ASC, Caspase-1, and NLRP3 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, NO was detected in the rat model. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the production of DMD decreased. We conducted qRT-PCR and western blotting to detect the expression of Jo-1, Mi-2, TLR2, and TLR4 on day 6 post injury following treatment with L-NAME and SNP. The expression of Jo-1, Mi-2, TLR2, and TLR4 was upregulated by L-NAME and significantly reversed by SNP. NO can alleviate C2C12 cell inflammatory responses and protect rat skeletal muscle injury from notexin.

RESUMEN: La lesión del músculo esquelético es una afección inflamatoria aguda causada por una respuesta inflamatoria. Para reducir la infiltración de células inflamatorias y aliviar la lesión del músculo esquelético es necesario un tratamiento eficaz. El óxido nítrico es una molécula de radicales libres que tiene efectos antiinflamatorios. En este estudio, demostramos que el ON podría inhibir la respuesta inflamatoria de las células C2C12 in vitro y proteger la lesión del músculo esquelético de rata de la notexina in vivo. El inhibidor de ON sintasa (L-NG-nitroarginina metil este, L-NAME) y el donante de ON (nitroprusiato de sodio deshidratado, SNP) se utilizaron para explorar el papel vital de los lipopolisacáridos (LPS) en los mioblastos C2C12 estimulados por LPS. La expresión de IL- 18 e IL-1b fue regulada positivamente por L-NAME y regulada negativamente por SNP, como indican los resultados de ELISA. El ON puede reducir los niveles de proteína y ARNm de ASC, Caspasa-1 y NLRP3. Además, se detectó ON en el modelo de rata. Los resultados de la tinción inmunohistoquímica mostraron que disminuyó la producción de DMD. Realizamos qRT-PCR y transferencia Western para detectar la expresión de Jo-1, Mi-2, TLR2 y TLR4 el día 6 después de la lesión después del tratamiento con L-NAME y SNP. La expresión de Jo-1, Mi-2, TLR2 y TLR4 fue regulada positivamente por L- NAME y significativamente revertida por SNP. El ON puede aliviar las respuestas inflamatorias de las células C2C12 en ratas, y proteger la lesión del músculo esquelético de la notexina.

SUMMARY: The information technology (IT) based "instant evaluation" is supported by IT, which allows instant evaluation of teaching phenomena based on certain evaluation criteria and provides instant feedback. In anatomy teaching, we explored and practiced the application of instant evaluation based on a platform called “Rain classroom.” We found that IT-based instant evaluation had higher practicability and better student satisfaction, which could improve teaching efficiency during class time, help students improve learning methods, and promote knowledge mastery. Additionally, instant evaluation positively impacted teachers' evaluation ability and teaching skills.

RESUMEN: La "evaluación instantánea" basada en la tecnología de la información (TI) está respaldada por ésta y permite la evaluación instantánea de los fenómenos de enseñanza en función de ciertos criterios de evaluación proporcionando retroalimentación instantánea. En la enseñanza de la anatomía, exploramos y practicamos la aplicación de la evaluación instantánea basada en una plataforma llamada “Aula de lluvia” o Rain Classroom. Descubrimos que la evaluación instantánea basada en TI tenía una mayor practicidad y una mejor satisfacción de los estudiantes, lo que podría mejorar la eficiencia de la enseñanza durante el tiempo de clase, ayudar a los estudiantes a mejorar los métodos de aprendizaje y promover el dominio del conocimiento. Además, la evaluación instantánea tuvo un impacto positivo en la capacidad de evaluación y las habilidades de enseñanza de los maestros.

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and tensile properties of a powder metallurgical (PM) TiAl based alloy has been investigated in this paper. The near gamma (NG) microstructure is transformed to a full lamellar (FL) microstructure with an average grain size of 100 μm by heat treatments. The lamellar spacing of FL structure decreases with the increase of cooling rate. For cooling rates of 5, 10 and 50 °C/min, the lamellar spacing is 1.9, 1.0 and 0.8 μm respectively. The room temperature tensile properties exhibit an increasing trend with decrease of lamellar spacing.